{"id":6175,"date":"2025-08-26T16:12:44","date_gmt":"2025-08-26T08:12:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/?p=6175"},"modified":"2025-09-03T20:43:21","modified_gmt":"2025-09-03T12:43:21","slug":"bo-dung-cu-xet-nghiem-hv-la-gi-va-no-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/vi\/what-is-an-hv-test-kit-and-how-does-it-work\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m tra HV l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/h1>

Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb cao \u00e1p ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n trong l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u00e0 th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c, g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 an to\u00e0n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. <\/p>

B\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m tra HV, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m tra Hipot, l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.
B\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m tra HV (\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cao<\/a> Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m (Hipot). Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t linh ki\u1ec7n. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecfng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 \u00e1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n.<\/p>

\"\"<\/figure>


Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft b\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao (HV) l\u00e0 g\u00ec, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m HV, xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1eabu 5kV, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i qua c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>

Ki\u1ec3m tra HV c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec, v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m tra 5 kV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/h2>

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cki\u1ec3m tra HV\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.
Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m HV, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m Hipot, l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n nguy hi\u1ec3m. M\u00e1y th\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao 5kV l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y th\u1eed Hipot c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 5.000 volt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>


Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p lu\u00f4n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao (HV) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra an to\u00e0n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201c\u0111\u1ea1t\/kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t\u201d. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em> c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t; thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ed1 \u00fd t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n n\u00e0o, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u1ed7 kim, v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. <\/p>

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>

M\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m tra 5 kV l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00ec d\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n, ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 480 V ho\u1eb7c 600 V.<\/p>

Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h3>

\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>

Lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m tra<\/th>C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/th>T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p n\u00e0y?<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
M\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m tra 5 kV<\/strong><\/td>\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n gia d\u1ee5ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1 \u00e1p.<\/td>M\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc kinh nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m Hipot l\u00e0 (2 \u00d7 \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng) + 1000V. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng 480V, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi 5kV.<\/td><\/tr>
M\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m tra 30 kV\u201350 kV<\/strong><\/td>C\u00e1p trung \u00e1p (MV), m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/td>C\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao h\u01a1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 15 kV, 25 kV), do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 IEEE v\u00e0 IEC.<\/td><\/tr>
M\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m tra 100 kV tr\u1edf l\u00ean<\/strong><\/td>M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, \u1ed1ng l\u00f3t cao \u00e1p, ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/td>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n cao \u00e1p, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p do \u0111\u00f3ng\/m\u1edf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

Quy tr\u00ecnh chung \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m HV l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>

Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao (HV) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. Nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t nh\u01b0 n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng cho c\u1ea3 m\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1eabn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.
M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao (HV) ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh:<\/p>

1) C\u00e1ch ly v\u00e0 ng\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong> to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. <\/p>

2) K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong> C\u00e1c d\u00e2y \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch (\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2y d\u1eabn, n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn tr\u1edf v\u1ec1). <\/p>

3) N\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n<\/strong> \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u1eeb t\u1eeb v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. <\/p>

4) X\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng an to\u00e0n<\/strong> thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb sau khi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>


T\u00f4i lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng, ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra di\u1ec5n ra ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n b\u1eadt thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra. An to\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eaft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (PPE) ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp khu v\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m tra an to\u00e0n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. Quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra. Vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 tin trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>

Quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h3>

B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao (HV) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>

B\u01b0\u1edbc<\/th>H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/th>Th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
1. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb<\/strong><\/td>C\u00e1ch ly thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra (DUT) kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a an to\u00e0n.<\/td>D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc an to\u00e0n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn b\u1eb1ng b\u0103ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o.<\/td><\/tr>
2. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong><\/td>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m tra cao \u00e1p. D\u00e2y cao \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2y d\u1eabn, c\u00f2n d\u00e2y n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t\/d\u00e2y h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/td>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ed3 quang. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1p nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2y d\u1eabn, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/td><\/tr>
3. Th\u1ef1c thi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong><\/td>C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 t\u1ed1i \u0111a tr\u00ean m\u00e1y th\u1eed. T\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u1eeb t\u1eeb l\u00ean m\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. Duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian quy \u0111\u1ecbnh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 60 gi\u00e2y).<\/td>Theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o d\u00f2ng r\u00f2. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ebfu d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eafp b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1eaft n\u1ebfu d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p.<\/td><\/tr>
4. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh<\/strong><\/td>Sau khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac th\u1eddi gian th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, h\u00e3y t\u1eeb t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c 0. Ch\u01b0a n\u00ean ng\u1eaft c\u00e1c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn.<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng x\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t que x\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra (DUT).<\/td>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m (DUT) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch tr\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n dung nguy hi\u1ec3m. Lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0o. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2y c\u00e1p d\u00e0i.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao (HV) tr\u00ean c\u00e1p?<\/h2>

C\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201c\u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch\u201d c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0o. Do chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, c\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n do \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, u\u1ed1n cong qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o tr\u00fang v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1ecfng l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i c\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ho\u1eb7c khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 b\u1ecb ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>


Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao (HV) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1p bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao gi\u1eefa d\u00e2y d\u1eabn trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u1edbp l\u00e1 ch\u1eafn kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1p trung \u00e1p (MV) hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m d\u00f2ng xoay chi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (VLF) l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m d\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (DC) c\u0169.<\/p>


Nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u tin d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m VLF Hipot c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1p cho m\u1ed9t trang tr\u1ea1i gi\u00f3 m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ecbu \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p VLF tr\u00ean t\u1eebng s\u1ee3i c\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e2y v\u1eeba l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0nh. Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n dung cao c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u (AC) ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 50\/60 Hz tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p VLF (0,1 Hz) v\u00e0 DC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1p c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n XLPE hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 IEEE 400.2 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m DC n\u1eefa v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng.<\/p>

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m HV \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1p<\/h3>
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/th>Lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1p<\/th>Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh<\/th>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao DC<\/strong><\/td>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1p c\u0169, c\u00f3 l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 b\u1ecdc ch\u00ec (PILC).<\/td>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (DC) cao. D\u00f2ng r\u00f2 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/td>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong> Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 mang theo. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng cho l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n XLPE\/EPR hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/td><\/tr>
Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (VLF AC)<\/strong><\/td>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1eafn (XLPE, EPR).<\/td>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p xoay chi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 0,1 Hz. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng; c\u00e1p s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng (IEEE 400.2).<\/td>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong> R\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cc\u00e2y n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong> Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m tra d\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u.<\/td><\/tr>
Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao (Hipot) v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u 50\/60 Hz<\/strong><\/td>Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u00e1p ng\u1eafn, ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y.<\/td>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p xoay chi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh.<\/td>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong> M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong> Do c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n dung cao n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c d\u00e2y c\u00e1p d\u00e0i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m HV tr\u00ean m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>

M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0o. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m theo th\u1eddi gian do nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n. S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed thay th\u1ebf cao.
Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao (HV) tr\u00ean m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p xoay chi\u1ec1u cao v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat, trong khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u00f9ng m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>

\"Ki\u1ec3m<\/figure>

M\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao AC lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng chuy\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y tr\u00ean t\u1eebng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 IEEE C57. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p \u2014 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y v\u1edbi l\u00f5i v\u00e0 th\u00f9ng m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng d\u00e2y ri\u00eang l\u1ebb trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng\u201d, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao b\u00ean trong ch\u00ednh cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y.<\/p>

C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao (HV) quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/h3>
T\u00ean b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra<\/th>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/th>C\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/th>\u201c\u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eadu\u201d tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng (Hipot)<\/strong><\/td>\u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t (b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a).<\/td>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p xoay chi\u1ec1u cao v\u00e0o t\u1eebng cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y m\u1ed9t, trong khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y trong 60 gi\u00e2y.<\/td>M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n hay b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng.<\/td><\/tr>
Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng<\/strong><\/td>\u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng d\u00e2y v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y.<\/td>Cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 400 Hz) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p g\u1ea5p 2 l\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c trong cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u00e3o h\u00f2a l\u00f5i.<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 hay ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m Hipot th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng d\u00e2y.<\/td><\/tr>
Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n (Megger)<\/strong><\/td>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb megohm.<\/td>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u cao \u00e1p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 5 kV) v\u00e0 \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf sau m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat.<\/td>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf cao (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: >1000 M\u03a9) cho th\u1ea5y l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m Hipot nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra s\u01a1 b\u1ed9.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao (HV) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n. Vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm r\u00f5 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 c\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1741,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6175"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6175"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6175\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6255,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6175\/revisions\/6255"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1741"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6175"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6175"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6175"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}