{"id":5469,"date":"2025-01-15T17:23:30","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T09:23:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/?p=5469"},"modified":"2025-01-15T17:25:16","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T09:25:16","slug":"guc-kablolari-icin-en-iyi-gerilim-dayanimi-test-yontemleri-nelerdir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/tr\/what-are-the-best-voltage-withstand-test-methods-for-power-cables\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00fc\u00e7 Kablolar\u0131 i\u00e7in En \u0130yi Voltaj Dayan\u0131m Test Y\u00f6ntemleri Nelerdir?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kablo kablolar\u0131 i\u00e7in mevcut elektrik test y\u00f6ntemleri \u00e7e\u015fitlidir ve voltaj seviyesi ve kablo tipiye g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015febilir.<\/p><p>Bu makale esas olarak ya\u011f ile kaplanm\u0131\u015f ka\u011f\u0131t yal\u0131t\u0131ml\u0131 kablolar, plastik yal\u0131t\u0131ml\u0131 kablolar ve \u00e7apraz ba\u011fl\u0131 polietilen kablolar\u0131n test y\u00f6ntemlerini anlat\u0131r; yayg\u0131n elektrik testleri aras\u0131nda DC dayan\u0131m gerilimi ve s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 ak\u0131m\u0131 testleri, VLF dayan\u0131m gerilimi testleri, G\u00fc\u00e7 frekans\u0131 AC rezonans dayan\u0131m gerilimi testi, k\u0131smi de\u015farj testleri ve benzeri yer al\u0131r.<\/p><p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde farkl\u0131 voltaj seviyelerine ve g\u00fc\u00e7 kablo t\u00fcrlerine sahip elektrik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde kullan\u0131lan test y\u00f6ntemleri ve i\u00e7erikler farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"678\" src=\"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/high-voltage-cables-installation-1-1024x678.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4295\" style=\"width:448px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/high-voltage-cables-installation-1-1024x678.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/high-voltage-cables-installation-1-700x463.jpg 700w, https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/high-voltage-cables-installation-1-768x508.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/high-voltage-cables-installation-1.jpg 1405w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Ya\u011fl\u0131 izolasyonlu ka\u011f\u0131t yal\u0131t\u0131ml\u0131 kablolar i\u00e7in DC dayan\u0131m gerilimi testi<\/h2><p>DC gerilim testleri, kablo yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerini ve voltaj davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 etkili bir \u015fekilde yans\u0131tabilir. Teoride ve uygulamada, ya\u011fl\u0131 kapl\u0131 ka\u011f\u0131t dielektrik kablolar\u0131n, ya\u011fl\u0131 dolgu kablolar\u0131n ve gaz dolgulu kablolar\u0131n DC ve AC voltaj \u00f6zelliklerinin temel olarak benzer oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir.<\/p><p>Ya\u011fl\u0131-ka\u011f\u0131t yal\u0131t\u0131ml\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kablolar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fcreticiler genellikle AC voltaj\u0131 kullanarak rutin testler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Ancak montaj ve i\u015fletim \u00fcniteleri teslim alma, \u00f6nleyici testler veya ar\u0131za onar\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerden dolay\u0131 genellikle DC voltaj\u0131na g\u00fcvenmektedir:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Y\u00fcng\u00fcl Test Ekipmanlar\u0131:<\/strong> Yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan DC y\u00fcksek voltaj jenerat\u00f6r\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131nabilir ve saha uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in uygundur. DC dayan\u0131m gerilimi testlerinde test voltaj\u0131n\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in genellikle yar\u0131m dalga reg\u00fclasyonu kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7ok voltaj reg\u00fclasyon teknolojisi, daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kapasiteli test ekipmanlar\u0131 (test trafolar\u0131 ve reg\u00fclat\u00f6rler) sayesinde daha uzun kablo hatlar\u0131nda DC y\u00fcksek voltaj testlerinin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaya olanak tan\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Yal\u0131t\u0131m Hasar\u0131n\u0131 Azaltma:<\/strong> AC dayan\u0131m voltaj testleri, yal\u0131t\u0131m bo\u015fluklar\u0131 i\u00e7inde serbest de\u015farjlara neden olabilir ve bu da potansiyel olarak kal\u0131c\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m hasar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir. DC dayan\u0131m voltaj testleri ile bu risk \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalt\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Mevcut s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 ak\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong> DC dayan\u0131m gerilimi testinde s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 ak\u0131m\u0131 ayn\u0131 anda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir. S\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 ak\u0131m\u0131 de\u011ferlerini ve zaman i\u00e7inde meydana gelen de\u011fi\u015fimleri analiz ederek kablonun yal\u0131t\u0131m durumunu de\u011ferlendirebiliriz.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Negatif Polarity Kablolaman\u0131n Avantajlar\u0131:<\/strong> D\u00fczenlemelere g\u00f6re DC dayanma gerilimi testlerinde negatif kutuplu kablolama kullan\u0131l\u0131r; yani iletken negatif terminale ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Ka\u011f\u0131t yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 nemliyse, pozitif y\u00fckl\u00fc suyun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 DC voltaj\u0131 alt\u0131nda belirgin bir \u201celektroozmos fenomeni\u201dna neden olabilir. Bu etki, su molek\u00fcllerinin y\u00fczey tabakas\u0131 \u00fczerinden iletken (negatif) y\u00f6nde hareket etmesini sa\u011flar ve bu da s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r ve potansiyel olarak n\u00fcfuz edici kanallar olu\u015fturur; bu da nemli ka\u011f\u0131t yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131ndaki kusurlar\u0131 ortaya koymada yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>K\u0131sa bas\u0131n\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lma s\u00fcresi: <\/strong>DC dayan\u0131m gerilimi testleri i\u00e7in bas\u0131n\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lma s\u00fcresi olduk\u00e7a k\u0131sad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, d\u00fczenlemeler teslimat s\u0131ras\u0131nda her faz i\u00e7in 5 dakika, 6-35 kV kablolar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nleyici testleri i\u00e7in ise 6 dakika bas\u0131n\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lma s\u00fcresi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bunun nedeni, DC ar\u0131za gerilimi bas\u0131n\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lma s\u00fcresiyle \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015fmemesidir; tipik olarak, DC voltaj uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n birka\u00e7 dakika i\u00e7inde kusurlar tespit edilebilmekte ve bu nedenle daha uzun s\u00fcre boyunca bas\u0131n\u00e7land\u0131rma gerekmemektedir.<\/li><\/ul><p><\/p><p>DC dayan\u0131m gerilimi testinde s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc, yal\u0131t\u0131m direnci test cihazlar\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 prensibe g\u00f6re ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Ancak DC dayan\u0131m gerilimi testinde uygulanan voltaj ve kullan\u0131lan cihazlar genellikle daha hassast\u0131r. Bas\u0131n\u00e7land\u0131rma i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 ak\u0131m\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri g\u00f6zlemlemek, standart yal\u0131t\u0131m direnci \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yal\u0131t\u0131m kusurlar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmede bu y\u00f6ntemi daha etkili k\u0131lar.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/tr\/product\/dc-hipot-test-set\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/DC-Insulation-Testing-Set-2_.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-496\" style=\"width:468px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/DC-Insulation-Testing-Set-2_.jpg 800w, https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/DC-Insulation-Testing-Set-2_-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/DC-Insulation-Testing-Set-2_-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/DC-Insulation-Testing-Set-2_-700x700.jpg 700w, https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/DC-Insulation-Testing-Set-2_-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/DC-Insulation-Testing-Set-2_-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/DC-Insulation-Testing-Set-2_-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><p>DC voltaj testi s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir kablonun yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en ak\u0131m, kapasitif ak\u0131m, emilim ak\u0131m\u0131 ve iletken ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fiminden olu\u015fur. Yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 bozulmam\u0131\u015f bir kablo i\u00e7in bas\u0131n\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lma s\u00fcresi artt\u0131k\u00e7a s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 ak\u0131m\u0131 azal\u0131r ve dengelenir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 zay\u0131f olan kablolar i\u00e7in s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 ak\u0131m\u0131 h\u0131zla dengelenir ve ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 de\u011ferine yakla\u015f\u0131yor. Yal\u0131t\u0131mda ciddi kusurlar varsa s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 ak\u0131m\u0131 zamanla azalmaz; aksine artabilir. Bas\u0131n\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lma s\u00fcresini uzatmak veya DC voltaj\u0131 y\u00fckseltmek s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 daha da art\u0131rabilir ve bu da yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n ar\u0131zalanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p><p>\u00d6l\u00e7\u00fclen s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kablo yal\u0131t\u0131m durumunu do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde yans\u0131tmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in, d\u0131\u015f fakt\u00f6rlerin etkisini ortadan kald\u0131rmak \u015fartt\u0131r. S\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 ak\u0131m\u0131 istikrars\u0131z ise, zamanla artmakta veya test voltaj\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesiyle belirgin \u015fekilde y\u00fckselmekteyse, bunun alt\u0131nda yatan neden ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><p>Genellikle, DC dayan\u0131m gerilimi testi \u00f6ncesinde ve s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 ak\u0131m\u0131 oran\u0131 emilim oran\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. 6 ila 35 kV kablolar i\u00e7in, voltaj dayan\u0131m testi \u00f6ncesindeki s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 ak\u0131m\u0131, 1 dakika boyunca belirli bir voltajda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr ve I1 olarak belirtilir. Voltaj dayan\u0131m testi sonras\u0131nda, 4 dakikal\u0131k noktada \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 ak\u0131m\u0131 ise I2 olarak belirtilir.<\/p><p>110 ila 220 kV kablolar i\u00e7in I2, voltaj dayan\u0131m testi s\u0131ras\u0131nda 14 dakikal\u0131k noktada \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. D\u00fczenlemelere g\u00f6re, kablo s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 testlerinin niteliklendirme standard\u0131, emilim oran\u0131 (I2\/I1) 1'den az veya e\u015fit olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u00c7apraz ba\u011fl\u0131 polietilen kablolar i\u00e7in gerilim testi yap\u0131n<\/h2><p>Halihaz\u0131rda \u00e7apraz ba\u011flanan polietilen (XLPE) kablolar esas olarak DC voltaj\u0131 alt\u0131nda test ediliyor. Ancak IEC standard\u0131, 150 kV'dan y\u00fcksek voltaj de\u011ferine sahip XLPE kablolar\u0131 ve aksesuarlar\u0131n\u0131n AC voltaj alt\u0131nda test edilmesini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtiyor. Bu, 1 saatlik testten sonra g\u00fc\u00e7 sisteminin faz-faz voltaj\u0131n\u0131 uygulayarak veya 24 saatlik testten sonra normal i\u015fletme voltaj\u0131n\u0131 uygulayarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriliyor; DC voltaj testi \u00f6nerilmiyor.<\/p><p>1984 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fcksek gerilim (110-220 kV) XLPE kablolar\u0131n\u0131n piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden ve 1985 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlere y\u00f6nelik ihracat\u0131ndan bu yana, bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke y\u00fcksek gerilim XLPE kablolar\u0131nda DC voltaj testlerinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 incelemi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, DC voltaj testlerinin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki nedenlerden dolay\u0131 uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p><ul><li><strong>D\u00fczensiz Elektrik Alan\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131: <\/strong>XLPE kablo yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7indeki elektrik alan da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, DC ve AC voltajlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir. DC voltaj\u0131nda elektrik alan\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m direnci katsay\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r ve bu da XLPE yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 diren\u00e7 katsay\u0131lar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan dengesiz da\u011f\u0131l\u0131ma yol a\u00e7ar. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k AC voltaj\u0131nda elektrik alan\u0131 dielektrik katsay\u0131s\u0131na ters orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. Yal\u0131t\u0131m direnci 2,1 ila 2,3 aras\u0131nda olan ve genellikle s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimlerine dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olan XLPE yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n AC voltaj\u0131 alt\u0131nda daha d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir elektrik alan da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 korunur. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, AC voltaj\u0131 alt\u0131nda ar\u0131zal\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek alanlar DC testlerinde sorun g\u00f6stermeyebilirken, DC testinden ge\u00e7en alanlar AC voltaj\u0131 alt\u0131nda ar\u0131zalanabilir.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>H\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yal\u0131t\u0131m ya\u015flanmas\u0131: <\/strong>XLPE yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda su dendritleri varsa, bu t\u00fcr dendritlerin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi AC voltaj alt\u0131nda yava\u015f olur ancak DC dayan\u0131m voltaj testi s\u0131ras\u0131nda h\u0131zlan\u0131r. Bu durum su dendritlerini elektrikli dendritlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrerek yal\u0131t\u0131m ya\u015flanmas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131ran bir birikim etkisi yarat\u0131r ve kablo kullan\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131salt\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Uzay y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn olu\u015fumu:<\/strong> DC dayan\u0131m gerilimi testinde, XLPE kablolar\u0131n\u0131n ve aksesuarlar\u0131n\u0131n yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda bo\u015falm\u0131\u015f y\u00fckler birikebilir. Bu y\u00fcklerin s\u00fcrekli olu\u015fmas\u0131 AC \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gerilimi alt\u0131nda ar\u0131zaya yol a\u00e7abilir veya y\u00fck birikmesi nedeniyle aksesuarlar\u0131n aray\u00fczlerinde kayma patlamalar\u0131na neden olabilir.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00d6zetle, XLPE kablolar\u0131ndaki yal\u0131t\u0131m kusurlar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmek i\u00e7in DC voltaj testleri etkisizdir ve kablolar AC voltaj alt\u0131nda yeniden \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda erken yal\u0131t\u0131m ar\u0131zalar\u0131na yol a\u00e7an hasarlara neden olabilir. Bu nedenle, XLPE kablolar\u0131 i\u00e7in alternatif test y\u00f6ntemleri kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1 Ultra D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Frekansl\u0131 Voltaj Testi (VLF Testi)<\/h3><p>Ultra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck frekansl\u0131 AC dayan\u0131m gerilimi test cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f frekans\u0131 genellikle 0,01 ila 0,1 Hz aras\u0131nda, sin\u00fcs veya kosin\u00fcs dalga \u015fekliyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bu test y\u00f6ntemi, AC voltaj gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131layarak test cihaz\u0131n\u0131n boyutunu ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 en aza indirmeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. DC testinin XLPE kablolar\u0131ndaki kusurlar\u0131 etkili bir \u015fekilde tespit edememesi ve yal\u0131t\u0131m performans\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen bo\u015faltma y\u00fck\u00fc olu\u015fturmas\u0131 nedeniyle, ultra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck frekansl\u0131 test uygun bir alternatif haline gelmektedir.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/tr\/product\/vlf-tester\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"643\" height=\"571\" src=\"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Cable-Testing.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4137\" style=\"width:435px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Cable-Testing.jpg 643w, https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Cable-Testing-300x266.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 643px) 100vw, 643px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><p>Frekans\u0131 50 Hz'den 0.1 Hz'e indirerek, test cihaz\u0131n\u0131n kapasitesi teorik olarak 1\/500'e d\u00fc\u015febilir ve bu da 0.1 Hz test cihaz\u0131n\u0131n DC test cihazlar\u0131 ile benzer bir kompaktl\u0131k ve ta\u015f\u0131nabilirlik elde etmesini sa\u011flar; b\u00f6ylece saha kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in uygundur. XLPE g\u00fc\u00e7 kablolar\u0131 i\u00e7in saha dayanma gerilimi testlerinde esas olarak dayanma gerilimi testleri ve dielektrik kayb\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri yer almal\u0131d\u0131r. Halihaz\u0131rda 0.1 Hz test cihazlar\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 geli\u015fmeler, 100 kV'un alt\u0131ndaki voltajlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r; bu durum tipik olarak yaln\u0131zca orta gerilim (6-35 kV) XLPE kablo hatlar\u0131na uygulan\u0131r; \u00f6nerilen test standard\u0131 ise 3U0\/1h'dir.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 AC rezonans testleri<\/h3><p>AC rezonans testi, transformat\u00f6rler, g\u00fc\u00e7 kablolar\u0131 ve anahtar devresi gibi elektrikli ekipmanlar\u0131n yal\u0131t\u0131m dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve dielektrik \u00f6zelliklerini de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir tan\u0131sal y\u00f6ntemdir.<\/p><p>Bu test, ekipman\u0131n rezonans frekans\u0131nda kontroll\u00fc bir alternatif ak\u0131m (AC) uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir; bu, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 gerektirmeden y\u00fcksek voltaj seviyelerine ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. B\u00f6ylece test, standart test ko\u015fullar\u0131nda tespit edilemeyen yal\u0131t\u0131m zay\u0131fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, kusurlar\u0131 veya di\u011fer sorunlar\u0131 etkili bir \u015fekilde belirleyebilir. Bu sonu\u00e7lar, elektrik sistemlerinin g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur ve \u00f6nleyici bak\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik eder.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/tr\/product\/ac-resonance-test\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"588\" src=\"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/AC-Resonance-Test-System.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3345\" style=\"width:575px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/AC-Resonance-Test-System.jpg 800w, https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/AC-Resonance-Test-System-700x515.jpg 700w, https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/AC-Resonance-Test-System-300x221.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/AC-Resonance-Test-System-768x564.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><p>G\u00fc\u00e7 frekans\u0131na dayan\u0131m gerilimi testi, kablonun bu frekansta \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kablonun ger\u00e7ek ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 en do\u011fru \u015fekilde yans\u0131t\u0131r. Bu, test voltaj\u0131n\u0131 ve frekans\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zellikle uygun hale getirerek operasyonel ko\u015fullar\u0131n tam bir sim\u00fclasyonunu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lar. Teorik olarak, ara frekans (IF) dayan\u0131m gerilimi testi, kablonun s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerini ortaya koymakla kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda dielektrik kayb\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 yerelle\u015fmi\u015f voltaj etkileri de dahil olmak \u00fczere kablonun voltaj \u00f6zelliklerini kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterir.<\/p><p>XLPE kablolar\u0131nda AC gerilim dayan\u0131m testlerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesinde ba\u015fl\u0131ca zorluklardan biri, y\u00fcksek kapasiteli test ekipman\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7t\u0131r. Gerilim ne kadar y\u00fcksek olursa, kablo o kadar uzun olmal\u0131d\u0131r; buna g\u00f6re gereken kapasite de o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Saha ko\u015fullar\u0131nda XLPE kablolar\u0131nda AC gerilim test ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in, test ekipman\u0131n\u0131n kapasitesini en aza indirmek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Bu ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in seri rezonans teknolojisi kullan\u0131labilir; testler, frekans serisi rezonans cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck voltaj ve daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kapasiteli g\u00fc\u00e7 kaynaklar\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir; bu da kablo yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek test voltajlar\u0131na dayanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p><p>Halihaz\u0131rda ithal edilen frekans serisi rezonans test ekipmanlar\u0131, 10 ila 100 Hz aras\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, 20 tonluk bir platform tipi kamyona monte edilen sabit bir ind\u00fcktans reakt\u00f6rle birlikte, frekans d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc, trafo ve bilgisayar kontrol sisteminin bulundu\u011fu bir konteyner kamyonu i\u00e7erir. Bu komple sistem, 30 ila 300 Hz aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f voltaj\u0131 250 kV'a kadar ve ak\u0131m\u0131 75 A'ya kadar olan bir g\u00fcce sahiptir; bu da 220 kV XLPE kablolar\u0131nda AC dayan\u0131m gerilimi testleri i\u00e7in uygundur.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Plastik Kablolar i\u00e7in Par\u00e7al\u0131 De\u015farj Testi<\/h2><p>Kau\u00e7uk-plastik kablolar\u0131n yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda hava bo\u015fluklar\u0131 ve nem bulunmaktad\u0131r. Nominal DC voltaj alt\u0131nda genellikle \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir k\u0131smi de\u015farj i\u015flemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir veya hi\u00e7 de\u015farj olmazken, nominal AC voltaj alt\u0131nda k\u0131smi de\u015farj meydana gelebilir veya gelmeyebilir. Bir k\u0131smi de\u015farj meydana gelirse de\u015farj s\u00fcreci k\u0131sa olur ve kablonun yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 belirli bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde genellikle zarar g\u00f6rmez, ancak \u00e7ok tehlikelidir. Bu nedenle, k\u0131smi de\u015farj \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri yaln\u0131zca kablonun belirli b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde, \u00f6rne\u011fin \u015f\u00fcpheli b\u00f6lgesi, ara ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 ve terminal ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 gibi yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><p><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p><p>Kau\u00e7uk-plastik kablolar i\u00e7in DC dayan\u0131m gerilimi testi (DC Hipot Testi), kablo yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bozulmas\u0131n\u0131 veya ar\u0131zalanmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterebilir ve \u201chasar verici\u201d bir etki g\u00f6sterebilir; bu nedenle yaln\u0131zca son \u00e7are olarak ve referans ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ultra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck frekansl\u0131 y\u00fcksek gerilim jenerat\u00f6r\u00fc, bir kontrol sistemi ve y\u00fcksek voltajl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r; hafif ve yerinde kullan\u0131m\u0131 kolayd\u0131r; kabloya y\u00f6nelik y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkiler yaratmaz. Bu y\u00f6ntem kau\u00e7uk ve plastik kablolar\u0131n testinde uygundur ancak teknik k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar nedeniyle a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak 35 kV veya daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck nominal gerilim de\u011ferine sahip kablolar i\u00e7in uygundur.<\/p><p>AC rezonans test sistemi, frekans d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131, uyar\u0131c\u0131 trafo, rezonans reakt\u00f6r\u00fc ve voltaj ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131dan olu\u015fur. Bu y\u00f6ntem, 35 kV veya daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck nominal gerilim de\u011ferine sahip kablolarla saha operasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in daha zahmetli olsa da, 66 kV ve \u00fczeri nominal gerilim de\u011ferine sahip kablolar i\u00e7in saha ortam\u0131nda etkili bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131labilir. 110 kV veya daha y\u00fcksek nominal gerilim de\u011ferine sahip kablolar i\u00e7in, sal\u0131nan voltaj y\u00f6ntemi kompakt ve saha ortam\u0131nda kullan\u0131m\u0131 kolayd\u0131r; ancak ultra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck frekansl\u0131 ve frekans rezonans testlerine k\u0131yasla etkinli\u011fi hen\u00fcz do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir.<\/p><p>K\u0131smi de\u015farj testi, kablonun yaln\u0131zca ara ba\u011flant\u0131 noktalar\u0131 ve terminaller gibi belirli b\u00f6lgelerinde sorunlar\u0131 tespit edebilir ve 110 kV veya daha y\u00fcksek nominal gerilim de\u011ferine sahip kablolar i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/p><p>Son olarak, dielektrik kayb\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc y\u00f6ntemi, do\u011fas\u0131nda bulunan s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar nedeniyle saha kullan\u0131m\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde pratik de\u011fildir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bu makale esas olarak ya\u011f ile kaplanm\u0131\u015f ka\u011f\u0131t yal\u0131t\u0131ml\u0131 kablolar, plastik yal\u0131t\u0131ml\u0131 kablolar ve \u00e7apraz ba\u011fl\u0131 polietilen kablolar\u0131n test y\u00f6ntemlerini anlat\u0131r; yayg\u0131n elektrik testleri aras\u0131nda DC dayan\u0131m gerilimi ve s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 ak\u0131m\u0131 testleri, VLF dayan\u0131m gerilimi testleri, G\u00fc\u00e7 frekans\u0131 AC rezonans dayan\u0131m gerilimi testi, k\u0131smi de\u015farj testleri ve benzeri yer al\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5246,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5469"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5469"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5469\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5246"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5469"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5469"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5469"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}