{"id":3024,"date":"2023-05-31T22:22:40","date_gmt":"2023-05-31T14:22:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/?p=3024"},"modified":"2023-10-30T16:21:36","modified_gmt":"2023-10-30T08:21:36","slug":"udrzba-akumulatorov-pre-vyletne-lode","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/sk\/cruise-batteries-maintenance\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dadr\u017eba bat\u00e9ri\u00ed na v\u00fdletn\u00fdch lodiach"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Lodn\u00e1 bat\u00e9ria je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dovou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou energetick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu lode a sl\u00fa\u017ei ako d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd zdroj energie.  Bat\u00e9riov\u00fd syst\u00e9m nielen\u017ee dod\u00e1va elektrick\u00fa energiu r\u00f4znym svietidl\u00e1m na lodi, ale funguje aj ako n\u00fadzov\u00fd zdroj energie a \u0161tart\u00e9r pre lo\u010f.\u00a0Preto je spr\u00e1vne pou\u017e\u00edvanie a \u00fadr\u017eba lodnej bat\u00e9rie mimoriadne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1. Niektor\u00ed elektrik\u00e1ri v\u0161ak nemusia ma\u0165 dostato\u010dn\u00e9 znalosti o bat\u00e9rii a ich odbornos\u0165 sa m\u00f4\u017ee obmedzova\u0165 len na be\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie. To m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k skr\u00e1teniu \u017eivotnosti bat\u00e9rie.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"612\" height=\"408\" src=\"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Cruise.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3027\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Cruise.jpg 612w, https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Cruise-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 612px) 100vw, 612px\" \/><\/figure><p>1.<strong>R\u00fdchlos\u0165 vyb\u00edjania a kapacita bat\u00e9rie<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>1.1 <\/strong><strong>Dopad<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;vz\u0165ah medzi dobou vyb\u00edjania a kapacitou bat\u00e9rie<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p><p>Kapacita bat\u00e9rie sa l\u00ed\u0161i v z\u00e1vislosti od r\u00fdchlosti vyb\u00edjania, teda od \u010dasu, za ktor\u00fd sa bat\u00e9ria \u00faplne vybije. Tabu\u013eka 1 zn\u00e1zor\u0148uje, ako sa men\u00ed kapacita bat\u00e9rie pri vyb\u00edjan\u00ed s r\u00f4znymi r\u00fdchlos\u0165ami. Pre pos\u00e1dku lode je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 by\u0165 si vedom\u00e1 t\u00fdchto zmien kapacity, aby bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 zabezpe\u010di\u0165 optim\u00e1lne vyu\u017eitie lodnej bat\u00e9rie.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>R\u00fdchlos\u0165 vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ania&nbsp;<\/td><td>Kapacita bat\u00e9rie&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>R\u00fdchlos\u0165 vyb\u00edjania za 10 hod\u00edn<\/td><td>100%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7,5-hodinov\u00e1 v\u00fddr\u017e<\/td><td>97.7%%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>R\u00fdchlos\u0165 vyb\u00edjania za 5 hod\u00edn<\/td><td>83.3%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>R\u00fdchlos\u0165 vyb\u00edjania za 3 hodiny<\/td><td>75.5%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>R\u00fdchlos\u0165 vyb\u00edjania za 2 hodiny<\/td><td>61.1%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>R\u00fdchlos\u0165 vyb\u00edjania za 1 hodinu<\/td><td>51.4%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Tabu\u013eka 1 Kapacita pri r\u00f4znych r\u00fdchlostiach v\u00fdtoku<\/p><p><\/p><p>Ke\u010f sa bat\u00e9ria vyb\u00edja, na kladn\u00fdch aj z\u00e1porn\u00fdch dosk\u00e1ch sa vytv\u00e1ra s\u00edran olovnat\u00fd, a to na z\u00e1klade princ\u00edpu vyb\u00edjania bat\u00e9rie.<\/p><p>Na z\u00e1pornom p\u00f3le doch\u00e1dza k reakcii: Pb \u2013 2e\u207a + H\u2082SO\u2084 \u2192 PbSO\u2084 + 2H\u207a.<\/p><p>Na kladnej doske prebieha reakcia: PbO\u2082 + 2e\u207a + H\u2082SO\u2084 \u2192 PbSO\u2084 + 2H\u2082O.<\/p><p>Tento proces chemickej reakcie v\u0161ak nie je okam\u017eit\u00fd; prebieha postupne zvonka dovn\u00fatra elektr\u00f3dovej dosky. Po\u010das vyb\u00edjania s vysok\u00fdm pr\u00fadom akt\u00edvne l\u00e1tky na povrchu dosky (PbO2 na kladnej doske a Pb na z\u00e1pornom p\u00f3le) preferen\u010dne reaguj\u00fa s elektrolytom (zriedenou H2SO4) za vzniku PbSO4, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu ve\u013ekos\u0165 kry\u0161t\u00e1lov ako PbO2 a Pb. PbSO\u2084 m\u00e1 tendenciu upch\u00e1va\u0165 por\u00e9zny materi\u00e1l v bat\u00e9rii.<\/p><p>Okrem toho vzh\u013eadom na vn\u00fatorn\u00fd odpor bat\u00e9rie vypl\u00fdva z rovnice nap\u00e4tia U = E \u2013 IR, \u017ee nap\u00e4tie na svork\u00e1ch U kles\u00e1 s rast\u00facim vyb\u00edjac\u00edm pr\u00fadom I. \u010c\u00edm je vyb\u00edjac\u00ed pr\u00fad v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed, t\u00fdm r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie nap\u00e4tie na svork\u00e1ch kles\u00e1. \u010c\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed je vyb\u00edjac\u00ed pr\u00fad, t\u00fdm r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie kles\u00e1 nap\u00e4tie na svork\u00e1ch a t\u00fdm sk\u00f4r dosiahne kone\u010dn\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie. To umo\u017e\u0148uje skr\u00e1ti\u0165 dobu vyb\u00edjania a m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledok men\u0161iu kapacitu. Kapacita bat\u00e9rie sa preto zni\u017euje s rast\u00facimi vyb\u00edjac\u00edmi pr\u00fadmi. Obr\u00e1zok 2 zn\u00e1zor\u0148uje vz\u0165ah medzi vyb\u00edjac\u00edm pr\u00fadom a kapacitou v grafe.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"432\" height=\"343\" src=\"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Fig-.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3028\" style=\"width:600px;height:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Fig-.jpg 432w, https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Fig--300x238.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 432px) 100vw, 432px\" \/><\/figure><p><strong>1.2 Teplota m\u00e1<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vplyv na kapacitu bat\u00e9rie <\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p><p>Ke\u010f teplota elektrolytu st\u00fapne, aktivita elektrolytu sa zvy\u0161uje a \u013eah\u0161ie doch\u00e1dza k tvorbe i\u00f3nov, doch\u00e1dza k v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej v\u00fdmene elektr\u00f3nov a kapacita bat\u00e9rie je relat\u00edvne vysok\u00e1. Ke\u010f teplota elektrolytu kles\u00e1, na jednej strane sa zvy\u0161uje viskozita elektrolytu, pohyb i\u00f3nov nar\u00e1\u017ea na v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed odpor, zni\u017euje sa dif\u00fazna schopnos\u0165, spoma\u013euje sa dopl\u0148ovanie H\u2082SO\u2084 do vn\u00fatra p\u00f3lovej dosky, zni\u017euje sa miera vyu\u017eitia akt\u00edvneho materi\u00e1lu v h\u013abke p\u00f3lovej dosky a kles\u00e1 kapacita; na druhej strane, ke\u010f teplota kles\u00e1, viskozita elektrolytu sa zvy\u0161uje, odpor elektrolytu sa zvy\u0161uje, vn\u00fatorn\u00fd tlakov\u00fd pokles spotrebovan\u00fd pri vyb\u00edjan\u00ed sa zvy\u0161uje, kone\u010dn\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie kles\u00e1, doba vyb\u00edjania sa skracuje a kapacita kles\u00e1. skracuje dobu vyb\u00edjania a zni\u017euje kapacitu. Najm\u00e4 vyb\u00edjanie pri n\u00edzkej teplote a vysokom pr\u00fade m\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed vplyv na kapacitu. Obr\u00e1zok 2 zn\u00e1zor\u0148uje krivku vz\u0165ahu medzi teplotou elektrolytu a kapacitou bat\u00e9rie.<\/p><p>Kapacita lodnej bat\u00e9rie sa zvy\u010dajne testuje za podmienok 25P pri 10-hodinovom vyb\u00edjan\u00ed, pri\u010dom zmenu teploty po\u010das vyb\u00edjania mo\u017eno vypo\u010d\u00edta\u0165 pomocou nasleduj\u00faceho prevodn\u00e9ho vzorca.<\/p><p>Ke\u010f teplota elektrolytu st\u00fapne, zvy\u0161uje sa jeho aktivita a \u013eah\u0161ie doch\u00e1dza k tvorbe i\u00f3nov. Doch\u00e1dza k v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej v\u00fdmene elektr\u00f3nov, \u010do m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledok relat\u00edvne ve\u013ek\u00fa kapacitu bat\u00e9rie. Ke\u010f teplota elektrolytu kles\u00e1, viskozita elektrolytu st\u00fapa a pohyb i\u00f3nov nar\u00e1\u017ea na v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed odpor. To zni\u017euje dif\u00faznu schopnos\u0165 a spoma\u013euje dopl\u0148ovanie H2SO4 do vn\u00fatra p\u00f3lovej dosky. V d\u00f4sledku toho kles\u00e1 miera vyu\u017eitia akt\u00edvneho materi\u00e1lu v h\u013abke p\u00f3lovej dosky a zni\u017euje sa aj kapacita. Okrem toho, ke\u010f teplota kles\u00e1, viskozita elektrolytu st\u00fapa, zvy\u0161uje sa odpor elektrolytu, zvy\u0161uje sa vn\u00fatorn\u00fd tlakov\u00fd pokles spotrebovan\u00fd pri vyb\u00edjan\u00ed, zni\u017euje sa kone\u010dn\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie, skracuje sa doba vyb\u00edjania a zni\u017euje sa aj kapacita. N\u00edzka teplota a vyb\u00edjanie pri vysokom pr\u00fade maj\u00fa na kapacitu e\u0161te v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed vplyv. Obr\u00e1zok 2 zn\u00e1zor\u0148uje krivku vz\u0165ahu medzi teplotou elektrolytu a kapacitou bat\u00e9rie.<\/p><p>Kapacita lodnej bat\u00e9rie sa zvy\u010dajne testuje pri teplote 25 \u00b0C po\u010das 10 hod\u00edn vyb\u00edjania. Zmenu teploty po\u010das vyb\u00edjania je mo\u017en\u00e9 vypo\u010d\u00edta\u0165 pomocou nasleduj\u00faceho prevodn\u00e9ho vzorca. Hodnota K je 0,008. .<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"235\" height=\"76\" src=\"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Fig-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3031\"\/><\/figure><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"422\" height=\"385\" src=\"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Fig-3-The-effect-of-electrolyte-temperature-on-battery-capacity.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3029\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Fig-3-The-effect-of-electrolyte-temperature-on-battery-capacity.jpg 422w, https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Fig-3-The-effect-of-electrolyte-temperature-on-battery-capacity-300x274.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 422px) 100vw, 422px\" \/><\/figure><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"611\" height=\"159\" src=\"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Fig-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3030\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Fig-4.jpg 611w, https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Fig-4-300x78.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 611px) 100vw, 611px\" \/><\/figure><p>Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 poznamena\u0165, \u017ee hoci zv\u00fd\u0161enie teploty elektrolytu m\u00f4\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 kapacitu bat\u00e9rie, m\u00f4\u017ee z\u00e1rove\u0148 sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 po\u0161kodenie p\u00f3lov\u00fdch dosiek a di\u0161tan\u010dn\u00fdch vlo\u017eiek, \u010do v kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku skr\u00e1ti \u017eivotnos\u0165 bat\u00e9rie. Preto je v skuto\u010dnej prev\u00e1dzke nikdy neprijate\u013en\u00e9 zvy\u0161ova\u0165 prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fa teplotu s cie\u013eom zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 kapacitu bat\u00e9rie. Teplota elektrolytu lodnej bat\u00e9rie by zvy\u010dajne nemala prekro\u010di\u0165 35 \u2103, aby sa zabezpe\u010dil optim\u00e1lny v\u00fdkon a dlh\u00e1 \u017eivotnos\u0165 bat\u00e9rie.<\/p><p><strong>1.3 Vplyv koncentr\u00e1cie elektrolytu na kapacitu bat\u00e9rie. .<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p><p>Elektrochemick\u00e1 reakcia v bat\u00e9rii je prim\u00e1rne podmienen\u00e1 akt\u00edvnym materi\u00e1lom na kladnej a z\u00e1porn\u00e9 doske a podielom ionizovate\u013enej H\u2082SO\u2084 v elektrolyte. Preto sa v r\u00e1mci rozsahu skuto\u010dnej koncentr\u00e1cie elektrolytu kapacita bat\u00e9rie zvy\u0161uje s rastom koncentr\u00e1cie, najm\u00e4 pri vysokor\u00fdchlostnom vyb\u00edjan\u00ed.<\/p><p>Zv\u00fd\u0161enie koncentr\u00e1cie elektrolytu v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k zv\u00fd\u0161eniu viskozity, \u010do je nepriazniv\u00e9 pre dif\u00faziu kapacity, a m\u00f4\u017ee tie\u017e sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 n\u00e1rast vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho odporu a samovyb\u00edjanie bat\u00e9rie. Okrem toho, ak koncentr\u00e1cia elektrolytu prekro\u010d\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fa hranicu, m\u00f4\u017ee to tie\u017e ur\u00fdchli\u0165 kor\u00f3ziu p\u00f3lovej dosky a di\u0161tan\u010dnej vlo\u017eky, \u010do vedie k \u010fal\u0161iemu po\u0161kodeniu.<\/p><p><strong>1.4 Vplyv \u010distoty elektrolytu na kapacitu bat\u00e9rie<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p><p>\u010cistota elektrolytu, ktor\u00fd sa sklad\u00e1 z ur\u010dit\u00e9ho pomeru \u010distej kyseliny s\u00edrovej a destilovanej vody, m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vplyv na kapacitu bat\u00e9rie. D\u00f4vodom je skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee pr\u00e1ve elektrochemick\u00e1 reakcia v roztoku sp\u00f4sobuje pr\u00edjem a v\u00fdstup elektrickej energie z bat\u00e9rie, a pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo \u0161kodliv\u00fdch ne\u010dist\u00f4t m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00fdrazne ovplyvni\u0165 prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fd v\u00fdkon bat\u00e9rie.<\/p><p><strong>1.5 Vplyv ukon\u010dovacieho nap\u00e4tia na kapacitu bat\u00e9rie<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p><p>Kone\u010dn\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie bat\u00e9rie je nap\u00e4tie stanoven\u00e9 na konci vyb\u00edjania bat\u00e9rie a men\u00ed sa v z\u00e1vislosti od r\u00fdchlosti vyb\u00edjania. Vo v\u0161eobecnosti plat\u00ed, \u017ee pri n\u00edzkych r\u00fdchlostiach vyb\u00edjania je kone\u010dn\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie vy\u0161\u0161ie, zatia\u013e \u010do pri vysok\u00fdch r\u00fdchlostiach vyb\u00edjania je ni\u017e\u0161ie. Je to preto, \u017ee ke\u010f sa bat\u00e9ria vyb\u00edja n\u00edzkym pr\u00fadom, elektrochemick\u00e1 reakcia vo vn\u00fatri bat\u00e9rie je rovnomernej\u0161ia a ke\u010f sa vyb\u00edjanie bl\u00ed\u017ei ku koncu, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina akt\u00edvneho materi\u00e1lu na kladn\u00fdch a z\u00e1porn\u00fdch dosk\u00e1ch sa premenila na s\u00edran olovnat\u00fd (PbSO4). Ke\u010f\u017ee objem s\u00edranu olovnat\u00e9ho je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed ako objem p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho akt\u00edvneho materi\u00e1lu, jeho roz\u0165a\u017enos\u0165 m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 nap\u00e4tie, v d\u00f4sledku \u010doho sa dosky m\u00f4\u017eu ohn\u00fa\u0165 alebo akt\u00edvny materi\u00e1l m\u00f4\u017ee odpadn\u00fa\u0165, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee v kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku ovplyvni\u0165 \u017eivotnos\u0165 bat\u00e9rie. Preto by sa pri vyb\u00edjan\u00ed n\u00edzkym pr\u00fadom malo zvoli\u0165 vy\u0161\u0161ie ukon\u010dovacie nap\u00e4tie.<\/p><p>Na druhej strane je mo\u017en\u00e9 pri vyb\u00edjan\u00ed s vysok\u00fdm pr\u00fadom zvoli\u0165 ni\u017e\u0161iu hodnotu ukon\u010dovacieho nap\u00e4tia, ke\u010f\u017ee pri tomto type vyb\u00edjania vznik\u00e1 menej s\u00edranu olovnat\u00e9ho a nap\u00e4tie sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 roz\u0165ahovan\u00edm je men\u0161ie. V d\u00f4sledku toho ned\u00f4jde k po\u0161kodeniu elektr\u00f3dovej dosky ani pri vyb\u00edjan\u00ed na pomerne n\u00edzke nap\u00e4tie. V tabu\u013eke 2 je uveden\u00e9 porovnanie r\u00fdchlosti vyb\u00edjania a ukon\u010dovacieho nap\u00e4tia.<\/p><p>Tabu\u013eka 2  R\u00fdchlos\u0165 vyb\u00edjania a ukon\u010dovacie nap\u00e4tie (V)<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>R\u00fdchlos\u0165 vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ania (h)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>10<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>0.5<\/td><td>0.25<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Hrani\u010dn\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie <\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>1.79<\/td><td>1.76<\/td><td>1.74<\/td><td>1.68<\/td><td>1.59<\/td><td>1.47<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><ul><li><strong>Nespr\u00e1vne podmienky pou\u017e\u00edvania lodn\u00fdch bat\u00e9ri\u00ed<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>2.1 &nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Nedodr\u017eanie lehoty na zaplatenie<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p><p>Lode maj\u00fa zvy\u010dajne viacero skup\u00edn bat\u00e9ri\u00ed, pri\u010dom dve skupiny sl\u00fa\u017eia ako vz\u00e1jomn\u00e1 z\u00e1loha. K\u00fdm sa jedna skupina vyb\u00edja, druh\u00e1 sa nab\u00edja, no niekedy sa st\u00e1va, \u017ee vybit\u00e1 skupina bat\u00e9ri\u00ed nie je v\u010das nabit\u00e1. Skupina \u0161tartovac\u00edch bat\u00e9ri\u00ed sl\u00fa\u017ei zvy\u010dajne pre dieselov\u00e9 motory a m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vyhraden\u00e1 alebo zdie\u013ean\u00e1. Dieselov\u00e9 motory vy\u017eaduj\u00fa vysok\u00fd \u0161tartovac\u00ed pr\u00fad a po ka\u017edom na\u0161tartovan\u00ed sa strata elektrickej energie bat\u00e9rie dop\u013a\u0148a pomocou dieselov\u00e9ho gener\u00e1tora, ktor\u00fd sl\u00fa\u017ei na dob\u00edjanie. Tento gener\u00e1tor a regul\u00e1tor s\u00fa v\u0161ak n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 na poruchy a na mnoh\u00fdch lodiach sa tento gener\u00e1tor odpoj\u00ed, aby sa predi\u0161lo probl\u00e9mom, \u010do m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledok, \u017ee bat\u00e9ria sa po na\u0161tartovan\u00ed dieselov\u00e9ho motora nedob\u00edja v\u010das, \u010do vedie k nadmern\u00e9mu vybit\u00ed. Ke\u010f je lo\u010f v oprave alebo je dlhodobo zakotven\u00e1 bez plavby, bat\u00e9ria m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 dlh\u0161\u00ed \u010das v ne\u010dinnosti a pravideln\u00e9 kontroly bat\u00e9ri\u00ed sa nemusia vykon\u00e1va\u0165, \u010do m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledok, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie sa vybij\u00fa v d\u00f4sledku samovyb\u00edjania a nie s\u00fa v\u010das nabit\u00e9.<\/p><p><strong>2.2 &nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Nedostato\u010dn\u00e9 nabitie<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p><p>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina lod\u00ed a v\u00fdletn\u00fdch lod\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edva met\u00f3du nab\u00edjania s kon\u0161tantn\u00fdm nap\u00e4t\u00edm, ktor\u00e1 je jednoduch\u00e1 a \u013eahko ovl\u00e1date\u013en\u00e1. Nab\u00edjac\u00ed pr\u00fad sa m\u00f4\u017ee automaticky zni\u017eova\u0165 z vysokej na n\u00edzku hodnotu, av\u0161ak po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fd nab\u00edjac\u00ed pr\u00fad je vysok\u00fd, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k zv\u00fd\u0161eniu teploty elektrolytu. Navy\u0161e, nab\u00edjac\u00ed pr\u00fad v z\u00e1vere\u010dnej f\u00e1ze je n\u00edzky a v\u00fdkon nemus\u00ed by\u0165 dostato\u010dn\u00fd. Mnoho \u013eud\u00ed m\u00e1 tendenciu nab\u00edja\u0165 bat\u00e9riu len na polovicu a domnieva sa, \u017ee to sta\u010d\u00ed, \u010do v\u0161ak sp\u00f4sobuje, \u017ee bat\u00e9ria je dlhodobo nedostato\u010dne nabit\u00e1, \u010do vedie k zn\u00ed\u017eeniu jej kapacity, ke\u010f\u017ee akt\u00edvny materi\u00e1l na elektr\u00f3dach nie je \u00faplne obnoven\u00fd.<\/p><p><strong>2.3 &nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Nadmern\u00e9 vyb\u00edjanie<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p><p>Pri dieselov\u00fdch motoroch s elektrick\u00fdm \u0161tart\u00e9rom sa na dod\u00e1vku \u0161tartovacej energie spolieha hlavne na \u0161tartovaciu bat\u00e9riu. Ak sa dieselov\u00fd motor dlhodobo sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a alebo sa sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a pr\u00edli\u0161 \u010dasto pri nedostato\u010dnom nabit\u00ed bat\u00e9rie, m\u00f4\u017ee to sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 nadmern\u00e9 vybitie bat\u00e9rie. Okrem toho, ak nie je riadenie vyb\u00edjania bat\u00e9rie spr\u00e1vne udr\u017eiavan\u00e9 a bat\u00e9ria dosiahla hranicu \u00fapln\u00e9ho vybitia, ale je st\u00e1le v prev\u00e1dzke, m\u00f4\u017ee to sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 nadmern\u00e9 vybitie bat\u00e9rie.<\/p><p>Tieto podmienky m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 sulf\u00e1t\u00e1ciu dosiek bat\u00e9rie, uvo\u013e\u0148ovanie akt\u00edvnej l\u00e1tky, nadmern\u00e9 samovyb\u00edjanie a \u010fal\u0161ie poruchy, \u010do vedie k zn\u00ed\u017eeniu kapacity bat\u00e9rie a skr\u00e1teniu jej \u017eivotnosti.<\/p><p><strong>3. Rie\u0161enie pre \u00fadr\u017ebu lodn\u00fdch bat\u00e9ri\u00ed<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p><p>Mnoh\u00ed pracovn\u00edci \u00fadr\u017eby sa zaoberaj\u00fa ot\u00e1zkou efekt\u00edvnej met\u00f3dy testovania a riadenia udr\u017eiavania kapacity lodn\u00fdch bat\u00e9ri\u00ed. Komplexn\u00e1 \u00fadr\u017eba bat\u00e9ri\u00ed predstavuje pre elektrotechnikov ve\u013ek\u00fa pracovn\u00fa z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e. Pokro\u010dil\u00e9 a efekt\u00edvne zariadenia na testovanie bat\u00e9ri\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eu zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 n\u00e1ro\u010dnos\u0165 pr\u00e1c spojen\u00fdch s \u00fadr\u017ebou bat\u00e9ri\u00ed. Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 KV Hipot pon\u00faka profesion\u00e1lne rie\u0161enia v oblasti bat\u00e9ri\u00ed. .<\/p><p><strong>KVBT-1500T <\/strong><strong>Tester vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho odporu bat\u00e9rie<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p><p>Tester vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho odporu bat\u00e9ri\u00ed KVBT-1500T vyu\u017e\u00edva pokro\u010dil\u00fa met\u00f3du testovania vyb\u00edjania striedav\u00fdm pr\u00fadom, ktor\u00e1 sp\u00e1ja v\u00fdhody met\u00f3dy vstrekovania striedav\u00e9ho pr\u00fadu a met\u00f3dy vyb\u00edjania jednosmern\u00fdm pr\u00fadom. Princ\u00edp spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee procesor riadi nastavite\u013en\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie prostredn\u00edctvom D\/A prevodn\u00edka, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje vyb\u00edjanie bat\u00e9rie do za\u0165a\u017eenia a v\u00fdsledkom je n\u00edzkofrekven\u010dn\u00fd sign\u00e1l vytvoren\u00fd prostredn\u00edctvom vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho bo\u010dn\u00edka, spojovacieho obvodu a filtra\u010dn\u00e9ho spracovania. Tester bat\u00e9ri\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017ee presne zmera\u0165 nap\u00e4tie a vn\u00fatorn\u00fd odpor na oboch koncoch bat\u00e9rie a na z\u00e1klade t\u00fdchto hodn\u00f4t ur\u010di\u0165 kapacitu a technick\u00fd stav bat\u00e9rie. Z\u00e1kazn\u00edci si m\u00f4\u017eu pod\u013ea vlastn\u00fdch potrieb zvoli\u0165 test vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho odporu, test nap\u00e4tia alebo odhad kapacity bat\u00e9rie. M\u00f4\u017ee sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 ako z\u00e1klad pre zos\u00faladenie vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho odporu nov\u00fdch bat\u00e9ri\u00ed a umo\u017e\u0148uje testova\u0165 vn\u00fatorn\u00fd odpor bat\u00e9ri\u00ed pred a po vybit\u00ed s cie\u013eom identifikova\u0165 skuto\u010dne po\u0161koden\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie. Disponuje dvoma prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fdmi re\u017eimami: ovl\u00e1danie pomocou tla\u010didiel a dotykov\u00fd LCD displej a umo\u017e\u0148uje meranie bat\u00e9ri\u00ed v skupin\u00e1ch, ako aj meranie jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nkov.<\/p><p><strong>KVC-3800 <\/strong><strong>&nbsp;Nabitie bat\u00e9rie<\/strong><strong>r Vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u010d <\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p><p>Nab\u00edja\u010dka a vyb\u00edja\u010dka bat\u00e9ri\u00ed sp\u00e1ja funkcie kon\u0161tantn\u00e9ho vyb\u00edjania bat\u00e9ri\u00ed, inteligentn\u00e9ho nab\u00edjania a aktiv\u00e1cie do jedn\u00e9ho zariadenia s viacer\u00fdmi mo\u017enos\u0165ami vyu\u017eitia. Zni\u017euje prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady, zni\u017euje pracovn\u00fa n\u00e1ro\u010dnos\u0165 \u00fadr\u017eb\u00e1rskeho person\u00e1lu a poskytuje vedecky podlo\u017een\u00e9 prostriedky na testovanie \u00fadr\u017eby bat\u00e9ri\u00ed a nap\u00e1jac\u00edch zdrojov UPS, ur\u010den\u00e9 na pravideln\u00e9 testovanie bat\u00e9riov\u00fdch blokov a pred\u013a\u017eenie \u017eivotnosti star\u0161\u00edch bat\u00e9ri\u00ed. V z\u00e1vislosti od potreby hlbok\u00e9ho vybitia a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9ho nabitia si bat\u00e9riov\u00fd modul m\u00f4\u017ee neust\u00e1le udr\u017eiava\u0165 optim\u00e1lny stav, \u010d\u00edm sa predl\u017euje \u017eivotnos\u0165 bat\u00e9ri\u00ed. Tento tester je skvel\u00fdm pomocn\u00edkom pri \u00fadr\u017ebe bat\u00e9ri\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The marine battery is a crucial component of a ship&#8217;s power system and serves as a vital source of power. This artclie is to the knowladge about the cruise batteries maintenance .<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3027,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3024"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3024"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3024\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3027"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3024"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3024"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3024"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}