{"id":5488,"date":"2025-02-21T17:54:33","date_gmt":"2025-02-21T09:54:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/?p=5488"},"modified":"2026-08-11T16:05:35","modified_gmt":"2026-08-11T08:05:35","slug":"jak-zmerit-izolacni-odpor-kabelu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/cs\/how-to-test-the-insulation-resistance-of-cable\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak zm\u011b\u0159it izola\u010dn\u00ed odpor kabelu?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak zm\u011b\u0159it izola\u010dn\u00ed odpor kabelu?<\/h1><p>S postupuj\u00edc\u00edm rozvojem soci\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiky a pokrokem ve v\u011bd\u011b a technice se elektrick\u00e1 energie stala nepostradateln\u00fdm zdrojem energie jak pro v\u00fdrobu, tak pro ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot. R\u016fzn\u00e1 elektrick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed hraj\u00ed v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b lid\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli. Vodi\u010de a kabely slou\u017e\u00ed jako hlavn\u00ed prost\u0159edek pro p\u0159enos elektrick\u00e9 energie do nap\u00e1jen\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a zauj\u00edmaj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed m\u00edsto v procesech p\u0159enosu a distribuce elektrick\u00e9 energie.<\/p><p>Jako hlavn\u00ed nosi\u010de v energetick\u00fdch soustav\u00e1ch mus\u00ed vodi\u010de a kabely vykazovat vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed elektrickou vodivost, aby se zv\u00fd\u0161ila ekonomick\u00e1 efektivita soustavy. Krom\u011b toho mus\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165ovat spolehliv\u00e9 izola\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti, aby byla zachov\u00e1na stabilita a bezpe\u010dnost p\u0159enosov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b. <\/p><p>Pokud jsou izola\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti nestabiln\u00ed nebo vadn\u00e9, p\u0159edstavuje to v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 riziko pro bezpe\u010dnost elektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k po\u017e\u00e1r\u016fm a dal\u0161\u00edm nebezpe\u010d\u00edm. Proto, abychom splnili provozn\u00ed po\u017eadavky energetick\u00e9 soustavy, mus\u00edme kl\u00e1st d\u016fraz na izola\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti a prov\u00e1d\u011bt izola\u010dn\u00ed zkou\u0161ky. P\u0159ed pou\u017eit\u00edm nebo p\u0159i dokon\u010den\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu v\u00fdrobku je nutn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt standardn\u00ed zku\u0161ebn\u00ed metody, aby se zajistilo, \u017ee izola\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti vodi\u010d\u016f a kabel\u016f spl\u0148uj\u00ed konstruk\u010dn\u00ed a provozn\u00ed po\u017eadavky.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\">Pro\u010d je t\u0159eba m\u011b\u0159it izola\u010dn\u00ed odpor kabel\u016f?<\/h2><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/silhouette-of-high-voltage-electrical-power-lines-column-during-sunset-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Vysokonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 nap\u00e1jec\u00ed kabely \" class=\"wp-image-5098\" style=\"width:644px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/silhouette-of-high-voltage-electrical-power-lines-column-during-sunset-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/silhouette-of-high-voltage-electrical-power-lines-column-during-sunset-700x394.jpg 700w, https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/silhouette-of-high-voltage-electrical-power-lines-column-during-sunset-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/silhouette-of-high-voltage-electrical-power-lines-column-during-sunset-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/silhouette-of-high-voltage-electrical-power-lines-column-during-sunset.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><p>Zkou\u0161en\u00ed izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu kabel\u016f je kl\u00ed\u010dovou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed energetick\u00fdch soustav a slou\u017e\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k posouzen\u00ed stavu a funk\u010dnosti kabelov\u00e9 izolace. Tyto zkou\u0161ky pom\u00e1haj\u00ed v\u010das odhalit p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s izolac\u00ed a zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed tak bezpe\u010dn\u00fd a stabiln\u00ed provoz energetick\u00e9 soustavy. Zde je podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdza:<\/p><ol><li><strong>Detekce poruch izolace<\/strong>:<ul><li><strong>Pronik\u00e1n\u00ed vlhkosti<\/strong>: B\u011bhem instalace nebo provozu kabel\u016f m\u016f\u017ee do izola\u010dn\u00ed vrstvy pronikat vlhkost v d\u016fsledku vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vliv\u016f prost\u0159ed\u00ed (nap\u0159. d\u00e9\u0161\u0165, podzemn\u00ed voda). P\u0159\u00edtomnost vlhkosti m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit izola\u010dn\u00ed odpor, zv\u00fd\u0161it svodov\u00fd proud a dokonce v\u00e9st ke zkrat\u016fm. Zkou\u0161ka izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u010das odhalit zn\u00e1mky pronik\u00e1n\u00ed vlhkosti a zabr\u00e1nit tak dal\u0161\u00edm \u0161kod\u00e1m.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Ne\u010distoty a zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>: Kabely mohou b\u00fdt b\u011bhem provozu vystaveny p\u016fsoben\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek, jako je prach a olej. Tyto ne\u010distoty mohou na povrchu izolace vytv\u00e1\u0159et vodiv\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zhor\u0161uj\u00ed izola\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti. Zkou\u0161kou izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu lze tyto ne\u010distoty odhalit, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje pracovn\u00edk\u016fm \u00fadr\u017eby po\u0161kozen\u00e9 kabely neprodlen\u011b vy\u010distit nebo vym\u011bnit.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Lok\u00e1ln\u00ed vady<\/strong>: Kabely mohou b\u011bhem v\u00fdroby, p\u0159epravy nebo instalace utrp\u011bt mechanick\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k lok\u00e1ln\u00edm vad\u00e1m izolace. A\u010dkoli tyto vady nemus\u00ed zp\u016fsobit okam\u017eitou poruchu, mohou se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu zhor\u0161ovat a nakonec v\u00e9st k poru\u0161e kabelu. Zkou\u0161ka izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu umo\u017e\u0148uje tyto lok\u00e1ln\u00ed vady v\u010das odhalit a p\u0159ijmout odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed opravn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Ur\u010den\u00ed povahy vad<\/strong>:<ul><li>Pokud jsou b\u011bhem zkou\u0161ky v\u00fddr\u017en\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bny odchylky, lze pomoc\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu podrobn\u011bji analyzovat povahu t\u011bchto z\u00e1vad. Nap\u0159\u00edklad jevy \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdboj\u016f pozorovan\u00e9 b\u011bhem nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky mohou nazna\u010dovat p\u0159\u00edtomnost drobn\u00fdch trhlin nebo vzduchov\u00fdch bublin v izola\u010dn\u00ed vrstv\u011b. M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu umo\u017e\u0148uje zjistit, zda tyto z\u00e1vady v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed izola\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti, a pom\u00e1h\u00e1 tak rozhodnout, zda je t\u0159eba kabel okam\u017eit\u011b vym\u011bnit nebo opravit.<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti syst\u00e9mu<\/strong>:<ul><li>Nap\u00e1jec\u00ed kabely jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi sou\u010d\u00e1stmi p\u0159enosu elektrick\u00e9 energie a jejich izola\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd vliv na bezpe\u010dn\u00fd a stabiln\u00ed provoz cel\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 soustavy. Pravideln\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu pom\u00e1h\u00e1 sledovat stav izolace kabel\u016f a p\u0159edch\u00e1zet v\u00fdpadk\u016fm dod\u00e1vek elekt\u0159iny zp\u016fsoben\u00fdm zhor\u0161en\u00edm izolace. To je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ve vysokonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch p\u0159enosov\u00fdch soustav\u00e1ch, kde poruchy izolace mohou v\u00e9st k z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm energetick\u00fdm nehod\u00e1m a ohrozit bezpe\u010dnost osob. Zkou\u0161ky izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu jsou proto nezbytn\u00e9 pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spolehlivosti energetick\u00fdch soustav.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\">Jak zm\u011b\u0159it izola\u010dn\u00ed odpor kabel\u016f<\/h2><p>Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed postup p\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu kabelu je n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>Vyberte si vhodn\u00fd m\u011b\u0159i\u010d odporu zna\u010dky Megger <\/strong>:<\/h3><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"432\" height=\"577\" src=\"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Insulation-Resistance-Tester.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5481\" style=\"width:241px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Insulation-Resistance-Tester.png 432w, https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Insulation-Resistance-Tester-9x12.png 9w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 432px) 100vw, 432px\" \/><\/figure><p>Hodnota izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu kabelu je ovlivn\u011bna teplotou v okam\u017eiku m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a d\u00e9lkou kabelu. P\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru vhodn\u00e9ho megohmmetru (m\u011b\u0159i\u010de izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu) pro kabely s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi jmenovit\u00fdmi nap\u011bt\u00edmi je t\u0159eba dodr\u017eovat podrobn\u00e9 pokyny a \u0159\u00eddit se odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edmi referen\u010dn\u00edmi hodnotami izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu. Tyto informace v\u00e1m pomohou l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt norm\u00e1m a po\u017eadavk\u016fm na zkou\u0161en\u00ed izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu kabel\u016f.<\/p><p><strong>1.1 Jmenovit\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed kabelu a v\u00fdb\u011br megaohmmetru<\/strong><\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th><strong>Jmenovit\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed kabelu (kV)<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Jmenovit\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed megohmmetru (V)<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Referen\u010dn\u00ed hodnota izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu (20 \u00b0C, M\u03a9)<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1 kV a m\u00e9n\u011b<\/td><td>1 000 V<\/td><td>\u226510<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3 kV<\/td><td>2 500 V<\/td><td>\u2265200<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6\u201310 kV<\/td><td>2 500 V<\/td><td>\u2265400<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>20\u201335 kV<\/td><td>2 500 V<\/td><td>\u2265600<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><p><strong>1.2. Z\u00e1sady pro v\u00fdb\u011br m\u011b\u0159i\u010de izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>1.2.1. N\u00edzkonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 kabely (1 kV a m\u00e9n\u011b)<\/strong>:<\/p><ul><li>Pou\u017eijte&nbsp;<strong>Megohmetr na 1 000 V<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n<li>Referen\u010dn\u00ed hodnota izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu by m\u011bla b\u00fdt \u226510 M\u03a9 (p\u0159i 20 \u2103).<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>1.2.2. Kabely st\u0159edn\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed (3 kV \u2013 35 kV)<\/strong>:<\/p><ul><li>Pou\u017eijte&nbsp;<strong>Megohmetr na 2500 V<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n<li>Referen\u010dn\u00ed hodnota izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu se zvy\u0161uje s \u00farovn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed:<ul><li>Kabely 3 kV: \u2265200 M\u03a9;<\/li>\n\n<li>Kabely 6\u201310 kV: \u2265400 M\u03a9;<\/li>\n\n<li>Kabely 20\u201335 kV: \u2265600 M\u03a9.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>1.2.3. Vysokonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 kabely (nad 35 kV)<\/strong>:<\/p><ul><li>Obvykle se jedn\u00e1 o&nbsp;<strong>Megohmetr na 5 000 V<\/strong>&nbsp;se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 (konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed volba z\u00e1vis\u00ed na specifikac\u00edch kabelu a zku\u0161ebn\u00edch norm\u00e1ch).<\/li>\n\n<li>Referen\u010dn\u00ed hodnota izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu by m\u011bla b\u00fdt stanovena na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch technick\u00fdch specifikac\u00ed kabelu.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>1.3 P\u0159epo\u010det teploty u hodnot izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu<\/strong><\/p><p>Hodnoty izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu \u00fazce souvis\u00ed s teplotou. Pro \u00fa\u010dely srovn\u00e1n\u00ed je obvykle nutn\u00e9 nam\u011b\u0159enou hodnotu p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edtat na standardn\u00ed teplotu (20 \u2103). Vzorec pro p\u0159epo\u010det je n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p><p>\ud835\udc4520 = \ud835\udc45\ud835\udc61 \u00d7 \ud835\udc3e\ud835\udc61<\/p><p>Kde:<\/p><ul><li>\ud835\udc4520<em>R<\/em>20 je hodnota izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu p\u0159i teplot\u011b 20 \u00b0C (M\u03a9);<\/li>\n\n<li>\ud835\udc45\ud835\udc61<em>Rt<\/em>&nbsp;je hodnota izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 p\u0159i teplot\u011b t \u00b0C (M\u03a9);<\/li>\n\n<li>\ud835\udc3e\ud835\udc61<em>Kt<\/em>&nbsp;je koeficient teplotn\u00ed konverze (viz tabulka 1-1).<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>P\u0159\u00edklad<\/strong><\/p><p>P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee prov\u00e1d\u00edte zkou\u0161ku kabelu o nap\u011bt\u00ed 10 kV a teplota okol\u00ed je 30 \u2103. Nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 hodnota izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu je 300 M\u03a9. Podle tabulky 1-1 je teplotn\u00ed p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edtac\u00ed koeficient p\u0159i 30 \u2103 rovn\u00fd 1,41. Hodnota izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e1 na 20 \u2103 je:<\/p><p>\ud835\udc4520 = 300 \u00d7 1,41 = 423 M\u03a9<\/p><p>Podle referen\u010dn\u00ed hodnoty by izola\u010dn\u00ed odpor kabelu pro nap\u011bt\u00ed 10 kV m\u011bl \u010dinit \u2265400 M\u03a9. Izola\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti tohoto kabelu tedy spl\u0148uj\u00ed po\u017eadavky.<\/p><p><strong>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pozn\u00e1mky<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>1) Vliv d\u00e9lky kabelu<\/strong>:<\/p><ul><li>Hodnoty izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu jsou nep\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00e9 d\u00e9lce kabelu. Pokud d\u00e9lka kabelu p\u0159es\u00e1hne 250 metr\u016f, lze referen\u010dn\u00ed hodnotu odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem sn\u00ed\u017eit.<\/li>\n\n<li>Nap\u0159\u00edklad u kabelu o nap\u011bt\u00ed 10 kV \u010din\u00ed referen\u010dn\u00ed hodnota pro d\u00e9lku 250 metr\u016f 400 M\u03a9; pokud je d\u00e9lka 500 metr\u016f, lze referen\u010dn\u00ed hodnotu sn\u00ed\u017eit na 200 M\u03a9.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>2) Koeficient nevyv\u00e1\u017eenosti u v\u00edce\u017eilov\u00fdch kabel\u016f<\/strong>:<\/p><ul><li>U v\u00edce\u017eilov\u00fdch kabel\u016f je t\u0159eba po zm\u011b\u0159en\u00ed izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u017e\u00edly vypo\u010d\u00edtat koeficient nesymetrie (pom\u011br maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty k minim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnot\u011b).<\/li>\n\n<li>Koeficient nevyv\u00e1\u017eenosti by obecn\u011b nem\u011bl p\u0159ekro\u010dit hodnotu 2,5; v opa\u010dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k lok\u00e1ln\u00edm poruch\u00e1m izolace.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>3) Testovac\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/strong>:<\/p><ul><li>B\u011bhem testov\u00e1n\u00ed se ujist\u011bte, \u017ee povrch kabelu je \u010dist\u00fd a such\u00fd, aby v\u00fdsledky nebyly ovlivn\u011bny ne\u010distotami nebo vlhkost\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n<li>Z bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f kabel p\u0159ed a po zkou\u0161ce zcela vybijte.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. P\u0159\u00edprava na zkou\u0161ku:<\/h3><ul><li><strong>Vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>: P\u0159ed proveden\u00edm testu se ujist\u011bte, \u017ee je kabel zcela vybit\u00fd, aby v\u00fdsledky nebyly ovlivn\u011bny zbytkov\u00fdm n\u00e1bojem.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u00daklid<\/strong>: Svorky kabelu ot\u0159ete \u010dist\u00fdm a such\u00fdm had\u0159\u00edkem, abyste zajistili, \u017ee m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed nebude ovlivn\u011bno ne\u010distotami ani vlhkost\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Uzemn\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>: Uzemn\u011bte j\u00e1dro kabelu a pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 f\u00e1ze, kter\u00e1 se netestuje, spole\u010dn\u011b a ka\u017edou f\u00e1zi zm\u011b\u0159te samostatn\u011b.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <strong>Postup m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed:<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><strong>Pou\u017eit\u00ed st\u00edn\u00edc\u00edch krou\u017ek\u016f<\/strong>: Pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159esnosti m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed nainstalujte st\u00edn\u00edc\u00ed krou\u017eek na izolaci na konci j\u00e1dra kabelu nebo pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b a p\u0159ipojte jej ke st\u00edn\u00edc\u00edm svork\u00e1m megaohmmetru. T\u00edm se sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed vliv povrchov\u00fdch svodov\u00fdch proud\u016f na v\u00fdsledky m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Rychlost t\u0159ep\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>: Vzhledem k vysok\u00e9 kapacit\u011b kabelu udr\u017eujte p\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed megohmmetrem rovnom\u011brnou rychlost ot\u00e1\u010den\u00ed, abyste zajistili stabiln\u00ed v\u00fdsledky m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Nahran\u00e9 \u010dten\u00ed<\/strong>: B\u011bhem zkou\u0161ky zaznamenejte hodnotu izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu po uplynut\u00ed jedn\u00e9 minuty. Tato hodnota se obvykle pova\u017euje za ust\u00e1len\u00fd izola\u010dn\u00ed odpor kabelu.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <strong>Provoz po zkou\u0161ce:<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><strong>Odpojen\u00ed vodi\u010de pod nap\u011bt\u00edm<\/strong>: Po dokon\u010den\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed odpojte vodi\u010d pod nap\u011bt\u00edm je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e zastav\u00edte megohmmetr, abyste zabr\u00e1nili po\u0161kozen\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9mu zp\u011btn\u00fdm nab\u00edjen\u00edm kapacitn\u00edho proudu v kabelu.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>: Po ka\u017ed\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed kabel zcela vybijte, abyste zajistili bezpe\u010dnost. P\u0159i v\u0161ech \u00fakonech pou\u017e\u00edvejte izolovan\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, abyste p\u0159ede\u0161li \u00farazu elektrick\u00fdm proudem.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. <strong>Anal\u00fdza koeficientu nevyv\u00e1\u017eenosti:<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li>U v\u00edce\u017eilov\u00fdch kabel\u016f vypo\u010d\u00edtejte koeficient nesymetrie po zm\u011b\u0159en\u00ed izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u017e\u00edly. Tento koeficient p\u0159edstavuje pom\u011br maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho a minim\u00e1ln\u00edho izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi \u017eilami. U dob\u0159e izolovan\u00fdch kabel\u016f by koeficient nevyv\u00e1\u017eenosti obecn\u011b nem\u011bl p\u0159ekro\u010dit hodnotu 2,5. Vysok\u00fd koeficient nevyv\u00e1\u017eenosti m\u016f\u017ee nazna\u010dovat, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e1 j\u00e1dra jsou \u0161patn\u011b izolovan\u00e1 a vy\u017eaduj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed kontrolu.<\/li><\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Abychom splnili provozn\u00ed po\u017eadavky energetick\u00e9 soustavy, mus\u00edme kl\u00e1st d\u016fraz na izola\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti a prov\u00e1d\u011bt izola\u010dn\u00ed zkou\u0161ky. P\u0159ed uveden\u00edm do provozu nebo p\u0159i dokon\u010den\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu v\u00fdrobku je nutn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt standardn\u00ed zku\u0161ebn\u00ed metody, aby bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee izola\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti vodi\u010d\u016f a kabel\u016f spl\u0148uj\u00ed konstruk\u010dn\u00ed a provozn\u00ed po\u017eadavky.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5098,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5488"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5488"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5488\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6593,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5488\/revisions\/6593"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5098"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5488"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5488"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5488"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}