{"id":1137,"date":"2019-10-25T22:13:47","date_gmt":"2019-10-25T14:13:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/?p=1137"},"modified":"2025-12-05T17:40:44","modified_gmt":"2025-12-05T09:40:44","slug":"zkousky-rezonance-ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/cs\/ac-resonance-testing\/","title":{"rendered":"Znalosti o syst\u00e9mu pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed rezonance st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9ho proudu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Co je to s\u00e9riov\u00e1 rezonance?<\/h2>

S\u00e9riov\u00e1 rezonance souvis\u00ed s elektrick\u00fdm obvodem a s\u00e9riov\u00fdm zapojen\u00edm. Jedn\u00e1 se o rezonan\u010dn\u00ed stav, kter\u00fd se obvykle vyskytuje v s\u00e9riov\u00fdch obvodech. Obecn\u011b se zku\u0161ebn\u00ed syst\u00e9m pro s\u00e9riovou rezonanci d\u011bl\u00ed na dva typy: s regulac\u00ed indukce a s regulac\u00ed frekvence. Skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se z budic\u00edho transform\u00e1toru, zdroje s prom\u011bnnou frekvenc\u00ed, kapacitn\u00edho d\u011bli\u010de nap\u011bt\u00ed a tlumivky.<\/p>

Podm\u00ednky zkou\u0161ky s\u00e9riov\u00e9 rezonance <\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>

S\u00e9riov\u00e9 rezonan\u010dn\u00ed zapojen\u00ed se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z tlumivky a kondenz\u00e1toru. Nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fd d\u011bli\u010d zapojen\u00fd paraleln\u011b s testovan\u00fdm objektem slou\u017e\u00ed k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed rezonan\u010dn\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed testovan\u00e9ho objektu jako sign\u00e1lu pro ochranu proti p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed. Nav\u00edc, <\/p>

Pokud se induk\u010dn\u00ed reaktance rovn\u00e1 kapacitn\u00ed reaktanci, je s\u00e9riov\u00fd obvod odporov\u00fd, proto\u017ee f\u00e1ze proudu a nap\u011bt\u00ed v obvodu jsou stejn\u00e9; tento jev se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 s\u00e9riov\u00e1 rezonance. Vznikne-li v obvodech s\u00e9riov\u00e1 rezonance, dos\u00e1hne proud maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty a odpor bude m\u00edt minim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnotu.<\/p>

Vyu\u017eit\u00ed syst\u00e9mu pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed rezonance st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9ho proudu<\/h2>

P\u0159i zkou\u0161ce odolnosti proti st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9mu nap\u011bt\u00ed u velk\u00fdch v\u00fdkonov\u00fdch transform\u00e1tor\u016f, nap\u00e1jec\u00edch kabel\u016f a rozvad\u011b\u010d\u016f vysok\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed se pou\u017eije syst\u00e9m pro rezonan\u010dn\u00ed zkou\u0161ku st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fdm proudem.<\/p>

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>

Syst\u00e9m pro zkou\u0161ky rezonance st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9ho proudu<\/strong> je prov\u00e1d\u011bt zkou\u0161ky odolnosti proti st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9mu nap\u011bt\u00ed u energetick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s velkou kapacitou a vysok\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad nap\u00e1jec\u00ed kabely a kombinovan\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed GIS. Kapacita syst\u00e9mu pro zkou\u0161ky st\u0159\u00eddavou rezonanc\u00ed se odv\u00edj\u00ed od kapacity zkou\u0161en\u00e9ho objektu. \u010c\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je kapacita zkou\u0161en\u00e9ho objektu, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je v\u00fdstupn\u00ed kapacita s\u00e9riov\u00e9 rezonance. <\/p>

S rozvojem energetick\u00fdch soustav p\u0159ekra\u010duje v\u00fdkon jednotliv\u00fdch blok\u016f tepeln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren 1 000 MW a maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdkon blok\u016f vodn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren p\u0159esahuje 800 MW. U t\u011bchto velk\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch soustav je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e9st zkou\u0161ku odolnosti proti st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9mu nap\u011bt\u00ed pomoc\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00edch tester\u016f pro st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed. Po\u017eadavky na zkou\u0161ku dok\u00e1\u017ee splnit syst\u00e9m pro rezonan\u010dn\u00ed zkou\u0161ku st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fdm proudem. D\u00edky flexibiln\u00edmu kombinovan\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu zalo\u017een\u00e9mu na s\u00e9riov\u00e9 rezonanci se p\u0159i n\u00e1vrhu a v\u00fdrob\u011b za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro zkou\u0161ku odolnosti proti st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9mu nap\u011bt\u00ed poda\u0159ilo p\u0159ekonat n\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky, jako jsou nap\u00e1jen\u00ed, kapacita a rozm\u011bry.<\/p>

Syst\u00e9m pro zkou\u0161en\u00ed rezonance st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9ho proudu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v energetick\u00fdch soustav\u00e1ch.<\/strong><\/h3>

1. Vysokonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fd s\u00ed\u0165ovan\u00fd kabel 6 kV\u2013500 kV <\/p>

2. Velk\u00e1 skupina gener\u00e1tor\u016f <\/p>

3. GIS a sp\u00edna\u010de SF\u2086<\/p>

4. Transform\u00e1tor 6 kV \u2013 500 kV<\/p>

5. Vysokonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jako jsou sb\u011brnice, pr\u016fchodky a transform\u00e1tory<\/p>

Vlastnosti syst\u00e9mu pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed rezonance st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9ho proudu<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>

1. Je vybaven barevn\u00fdm LCD displejem pro zobrazen\u00ed nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f a stavu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a disponuje funkc\u00ed hlasov\u00fdch pokyn\u016f <\/p>

2. Flexibiln\u00ed test: segmentovan\u00e9 nastaven\u00ed zku\u0161ebn\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed, doby trv\u00e1n\u00ed testu a frekven\u010dn\u00edho rozsahu.<\/p>

3. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fdsledk\u016f m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed lze vypo\u010d\u00edtat hodnotu kapacity m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho objektu a vytisknout p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 \u00fadaje z m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>

4. Kompaktn\u00ed a lehk\u00e9 zku\u0161ebn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se snadno pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i zkou\u0161k\u00e1ch p\u0159\u00edmo na m\u00edst\u011b.<\/p>

5. Zku\u0161ebn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nab\u00edz\u00ed dv\u011b zku\u0161ebn\u00ed metody \u2013 automatickou a ru\u010dn\u00ed \u2013 kter\u00e9 se snadno ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed.<\/p>

6. Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro zkou\u0161ku s\u00e9riov\u00e9 rezonance je bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a spolehliv\u00e9. Syst\u00e9m je vybaven funkcemi ochrany proti nadproudu, p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed a vybit\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost osob i za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>

Princip \u010dinnosti za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00e9riov\u00e9 rezonance<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>

Z hlediska teorie obvod\u016f je princip m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro s\u00e9riovou rezonanci n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed: pokud v smy\u010dce dojde k rezonanci, plat\u00ed pro frekvenci smy\u010dky podm\u00ednka f = 1\/2\u03c0\u221aLC. Je-li frekvence smy\u010dky f = 1\/2\u03c0\u221aLC, je nap\u011bt\u00ed na testovan\u00e9m objektu Qn\u00e1sobkem (rezonan\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1sobek nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00fd p\u0159edstavuje kvalita\u010dn\u00ed faktor syst\u00e9mu) v\u00fdstupn\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed na svorce HV budic\u00edho transform\u00e1toru. <\/p>

Hodnota Q proto obvykle dosahuje n\u011bkolika des\u00edtek a\u017e sto \u010di v\u00edce. Aby nap\u011bt\u00ed testovan\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobku dos\u00e1hlo zku\u0161ebn\u00ed hodnoty, je nutn\u00e9 nejprve nastavit v\u00fdstupn\u00ed frekvenci nap\u00e1jec\u00edho zdroje s prom\u011bnnou frekvenc\u00ed, co\u017e je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed podm\u00ednka pro dosa\u017een\u00ed s\u00e9riov\u00e9 rezonance obvodu. N\u00e1sledn\u011b se nap\u011bt\u00ed testovan\u00e9ho objektu nastaven\u00edm v\u00fdstupn\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed zdroje s prom\u011bnn\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm dostane na zku\u0161ebn\u00ed hodnotu. <\/p>

V\u00fdhody syst\u00e9mu pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed rezonance st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9ho proudu:<\/strong><\/h3>

1. Snadn\u00e1 obsluha, kompaktn\u00ed rozm\u011bry, n\u00edzk\u00e1 hmotnost a snadn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed i p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo na m\u00edst\u011b.<\/p>

2. Vysoce \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd test <\/p>

3. Pln\u011b spolehliv\u00e1 ochrana proti p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed, nadproudu, vybit\u00ed a p\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed. Doba reakce \u010din\u00ed 1 ms.<\/p>

4. Zobrazen\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bhu vysokonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9ho testu v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase<\/p>

5. Vestav\u011bn\u00e1 mikrotisk\u00e1rna \u2013 v\u00fdsledky m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed m\u016f\u017eete kdykoli vytisknout.<\/p>

Sou\u010d\u00e1sti syst\u00e9mu pro zkou\u0161en\u00ed rezonance st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9ho proudu.<\/strong><\/h3>

1. Nap\u00e1jec\u00ed zdroj s prom\u011bnnou frekvenc\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>

Dom\u00e1c\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 m\u00e1 nap\u011bt\u00ed 220 V, pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 380 V a frekvenci 50 Hz. Nap\u00e1jec\u00ed zdroj s prom\u011bnnou frekvenc\u00ed upravuje proud t\u011bchto dvou nap\u011bt\u00ed tak, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 plynule regulovat jak nap\u011bt\u00ed, tak proud. Krom\u011b toho kombinuje \u010dty\u0159i funkce v jednom a dok\u00e1\u017ee sou\u010dasn\u011b plnit funkce provozu, ochrany, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>

2.  Vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed Transformer<\/strong><\/p>

M\u00e1 stejnou funkci jako transform\u00e1tor. \u00dakolem budic\u00edho transform\u00e1toru je zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fdstupn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed nap\u00e1jec\u00edho zdroje s prom\u011bnnou frekvenc\u00ed v rezonan\u010dn\u00edm obvodu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e velikost zm\u011bny nap\u011bt\u00ed lze nastavit podle po\u017eadavk\u016f dan\u00e9ho experiment\u00e1ln\u00edho procesu. Krom\u011b toho lze odd\u011blit vysokotlak\u00fd a n\u00edzkotlak\u00fd okruh, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh testov\u00e1n\u00ed i v\u00fdroby.<\/p>

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>

3. Reaktor HV <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>

Vysokonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 tlumivka m\u016f\u017ee zlep\u0161it pr\u016fb\u011bh nap\u011bt\u00ed v rezonan\u010dn\u00edm zku\u0161ebn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9ho proudu s prom\u011bnnou frekvenc\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b zlep\u0161it \u00fa\u010din\u00edk cel\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Jedn\u00e1 se tak\u00e9 o d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st, kter\u00e1 rezonuje s kapacitn\u00edm zku\u0161ebn\u00edm objektem.<\/p>

4. Vysokonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fd d\u011bli\u010d <\/strong><\/p>

Vysokonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fd d\u011bli\u010d hraje rovn\u011b\u017e velmi d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v cel\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu rezonan\u010dn\u00edch zkou\u0161ek st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9ho proudu. Jeho hlavn\u00ed funkc\u00ed je m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed a nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hodnoty na stran\u011b vysok\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed regul\u00e1toru. D\u00edky existenci tohoto nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9ho d\u011bli\u010de se zku\u0161ebn\u00ed a v\u00fdrobn\u00ed proces st\u00e1v\u00e1 bezpe\u010dn\u00fdm a p\u0159ehledn\u00fdm.<\/p>

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u00e9riov\u00e1 rezonance souvis\u00ed s elektrick\u00fdm obvodem a s\u00e9riov\u00fdm zapojen\u00edm. Jedn\u00e1 se o rezonan\u010dn\u00ed stav, kter\u00fd se obvykle vyskytuje v s\u00e9riov\u00fdch obvodech. Obecn\u011b se zku\u0161ebn\u00ed syst\u00e9m pro s\u00e9riovou rezonanci d\u011bl\u00ed na dva typy: s regulac\u00ed indukce a s regulac\u00ed frekvence. Skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se z budic\u00edho transform\u00e1toru, zdroje s prom\u011bnnou frekvenc\u00ed, kapacitn\u00edho d\u011bli\u010de nap\u011bt\u00ed a tlumivky.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1141,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1137"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1137"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1137\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6343,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1137\/revisions\/6343"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1141"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1137"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1137"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1137"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}