{"id":6361,"date":"2026-01-23T16:20:31","date_gmt":"2026-01-23T08:20:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/?p=6361"},"modified":"2026-01-23T16:23:13","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T08:23:13","slug":"%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%b4%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%84-%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a8-%d9%84%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kvhipot.com\/ar\/comprehensive-guide-to-transformer-turns-ratios-and-current-ratios-across-all-voltage-levels\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u201c\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631.\u201d \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>

U\u2081\/U\u2082 = N\u2081\/N\u2082 = I\u2082\/I\u2081\u060c,<\/strong><\/p>

\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 U \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0648N \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648I \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 1 \u06482 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a). \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631.<\/p>

\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 <\/h2>

(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a: 0.4 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/10 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c 0.4 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/11 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a)<\/h2>
\"\"<\/figure>

1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/p>

\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 (\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 0.4 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f \u062e\u0637 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 380 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 220 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a).<\/p>

\u2022 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646:<\/strong> \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f.<\/p>

\u2013 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f 0.4 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/10 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a:<\/p>

  N\u2081\/N\u2082 = 10 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \/ 0.4 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a = 25 \u2192 1:25<\/p>

\u2013 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f 0.4 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/11 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a:<\/p>

  N\u2081\/N\u2082 = 11 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \/ 0.4 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a = 27.5 \u2192 1:27.5<\/p>

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 1:10 \u06481:11 \u06481:12 \u06481:25 \u06481:27.5 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a 380 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u00b1 5%.<\/p>

\u2022 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f (\u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a).<\/p>

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f 0.4 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/10 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>

I\u2081\/I\u2082 = 0.4\/10 = 1\/25 \u2192 25:1 (\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 25 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a)<\/p>

\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 1000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u06480.4 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/10 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a:<\/p>

\u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>

  I\u2081 = S \/ (\u221a3 \u00d7 U\u2081) = 1000 \/ (1.732 \u00d7 10) \u2248 57.7 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/p>

\u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636:<\/p>

  I\u2082 = 1000 \/ (1.732 \u00d7 0.4) \u2248 1443 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/p>

\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 (1443 \/ 57.7 \u2248 25) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/p>

2. \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/strong><\/p>

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a:<\/strong> \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 S11 \u0623\u0648 S13 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u00b15%) \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a.<\/p>

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634:<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 3 \u06487 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646). \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 1600 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c 2000 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631).<\/p>

\u2022 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639: <\/strong>\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 1:10 \u0623\u0648 1:11 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a 10 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0648 11 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/p>

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 <\/h2>

(\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629: 6 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/35 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c 6 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/66 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a)<\/h2>

1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/p>

\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0640\u201c\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u201d \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>

\u2022 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646:<\/strong> \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f 6 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/35 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0647\u064a:<\/p>

35 \/ 6 \u2248 5.83 \u2192 1:5.83<\/p>

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f 6 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/66 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a:<\/p>

66 \/ 6 = 11 \u2192 1:11<\/p>

\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f (\u00b110%)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 (OLTCs). \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u062e\u0631\u062c 6 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 35 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a 36.75 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u064835 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u064833.25 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a.<\/p>

\u2022 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f (\u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a). \u00a0<\/p>

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f 6 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/35 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 5.83:1 (\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 5.83 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a).<\/p>

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 5000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631:<\/p>

\u2013 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f:<\/p>

  I\u2081 = 5000 \/ (1.732 \u00d7 35) \u2248 82.5 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/p>

\u2013 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636:<\/p>

  I\u2082 = 5000 \/ (1.732 \u00d7 6) \u2248 481 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/p>

\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a (481 \/ 82.5 \u2248 5.83) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629.  <\/p>

\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u00b10.5%). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644.<\/p>

2. \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/strong><\/p>

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 2000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064810,000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u00a0<\/p>

\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 125 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c 200 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631).<\/p>

\u2022 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637:<\/strong> \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u201d\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646 35 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0648 66 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 6 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647.<\/p>

\u2022 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644: <\/strong>\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u00a0<\/p>

\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 1.2 \u06481.5 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631.<\/p>

\"\"<\/figure>

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/h2>

(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a: 110 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/10 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c 220 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/10 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a)<\/h2>

1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/p>

\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u064b\u0627.<\/p>

\u2022 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646: <\/strong>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f 110 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/10 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0647\u064a:<\/p>

110 \/ 10 = 11 \u2192 11:1  <\/p>

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f 220 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/10 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a:<\/p>

220 \/ 10 = 22 \u2192 22:1  <\/p>

\u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a.\u00a0\u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u00b12 \u00d7 2.5%) \u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>

\u2022 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f (\u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a). \u00a0<\/p>

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f 110 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/10 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1:11.<\/p>

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 50,000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 (50 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631):<\/p>

\u2013 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f:<\/p>

  I\u2081 = 50,000 \/ (1.732 \u00d7 110) \u2248 262 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/p>

\u2013 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636:<\/p>

  I\u2082 = 50,000 \/ (1.732 \u00d7 10) \u2248 2,887 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/p>

\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a (262 \/ 2,887 \u2248 1\/11) \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 0.5% \u06482% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646).  <\/p>

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (CT) \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>

2. \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/strong><\/p>

\u2022 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f 110 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0648220 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 220 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/10 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f 220 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a). \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 31.5 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648120 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>

\u2022 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 80%\u201390%). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>

\u2022 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629: <\/strong>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 (UPS) \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a.<\/p>

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 (UHV) <\/h2>

(330 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/220 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c 500 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/220 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c 1000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/500 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a)<\/h2>

\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 (UHV) \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 (330 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c 500 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a) \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 (1000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642). \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>

\"\"
\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621<\/figcaption><\/figure>

1. \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 (330 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/220 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c 500 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/220 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a)<\/strong><\/p>

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f 330 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/220 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a:<\/p>

330 \/ 220 = 1.5 \u2192 1.5:1  <\/p>

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f 500 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/220 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a:<\/p>

500 \/ 220 \u2248 2.27 \u2192 2.27:1  <\/p>

\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u201c\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636\u201d \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u00b18 \u00d7 1.25%) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 (5%\u20138% \u0644\u0643\u0644 100 \u0643\u0645).<\/p>

\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0643\u0648\u0633 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 330 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/220 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a 1:1.5 (\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 330 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 1\/1.5 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 220 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a).<\/p>

\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 (\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 240 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631):  <\/p>

I\u2081 (\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 330 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a) = 240,000 \/ (1.732 \u00d7 330) \u2248 412 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631  <\/p>

I\u2082 (\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 220 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a) = 240,000 \/ (1.732 \u00d7 220) \u2248 618 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631  <\/p>

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u2248 1:1.5.<\/p>

\u2022 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645:<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 (500\u20131000 \u0643\u0645)\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/p>

2. \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 (1000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/500 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a)<\/strong><\/p>

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>

1000 \/ 500 = 2 \u2192 2:1  <\/p>

\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631: 1:2 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 1000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 500 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a).<\/p>

\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 (\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 1000 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642). \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u00b10.1%. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642.<\/p>

\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 (\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 1000 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631):  <\/p>

I\u2081 (\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 1000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a) = 1,000,000 \/ (1.732 \u00d7 1000) \u2248 577 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631  <\/p>

I\u2082 (\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 500 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a) = 1,000,000 \/ (1.732 \u00d7 500) \u2248 1154 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631  <\/p>

\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a 1:2.<\/p>

\u2022 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645:<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 (1000+ \u0643\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628. \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 (UHV) \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 500 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 (UHV).<\/p>

\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a<\/h2>

\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>

1. \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644:<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a) \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f.<\/p>

2. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631:<\/strong> \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631)\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644.<\/p>

3. \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641.<\/p>

4. \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644:<\/strong> \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>

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